M i d d l e P o s i t i on tae te ( t>e ( t a r t i ng P o s i t o i n ) and zhe ( ), the alif is written as a Stand-alone letter. See TIP 4Īl ( ), jal ( When the AiLaf letters dal ( ), d (Naskh ) (alif is in Starting shape, be is in Middle position and secondĪlif [ is written in End shape, which is same as its Middle position shape). Pe is written detached from alif , in Stand position is attached to be, but it is detached from pe. ) (be is written in Starting shape, alif in Middle ( ) : baapa (father) = Right to Left $ pa p + a A + ba b = Must be written written in Stand-alone Stand-alone shape therefore, therefore, be bae ( ) ( ) : Aba ab (now) (now) = Right Right to Left Left $ ba b + A a = (for the letters be and pe , please see Lessons 3.1 and 3.2 or the Back Cover of the book) (i) Therefore, in the Middle Middle position and in i n End position, the t he shape of alif remains same. (ii) alif can be connected connected to the letter on its its right side side only. (i) No letter is connected on the LEFT SIDE of the Letter AiLaf[ alif (A a ). Their Starting Start ing shapes are : 37 Urdu Characters in Starting position NOTE : Urdu words can start st art from 37 of the t he 39 characters characte rs shown above. Is written in Starting shape, be in Middle positi position on and in End shape) (s&n is written in Starting shape, and be in End shape) sabak[ sabaq When there are two or more letters in a word, the first first letter is written in “Starting Position.’ the last letter in its End position and the rest in their Middle position. (1) STAND ALONE POSITION : When a single letter is written as a stand-alone character, it is written Mountain pass),Īlso, unique for the Languages of India, characters of the Urdu language are written in four shapes, depending up on their position in a word. Writing Hindi and English Vowels in Urdu Urdu Diacritical Accent Marks The Urdu Numerals Th MAKI MAKING NG YOUR OUR OWN OWN URD URDU SE SENTE NTENCE NCES, Presen esent,t, past, futur ture Making Sentences for Completed Actions Ratnakar’s Brain Surgery of Urdu Grammar Use of the Case Suffixes (post-positions) Adjectives and Adverbs General Knowledge and Vocabulary Urdu Verbs Lesson 13 Urdu Conversational Road map Lesson 14 Urdu Literatureħ0 73 80 85 98 102 104 113 117 130 131 138īad (Sa>jar, Daggar), hnaIf[ (hnaIf[I, Religious), ihjjaIr, (ihjjaIr, One’s iksaIsae nature), zar, (zar, House), bacapana, (bacapana, Childhood), (iksaIsae, To someone), bataS[ (bataS[ a, Duck), mau (mau hmmad, Muhammad), paICe naIcae (paICe, Behind), (naIcae, Below), ﯿﭻ baIca, (baIca, between). Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Les Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Lesson 11 Lesson 12 Lesson 1 The Urdu Alphabet ( ]l&q and Naskh) Less Lesson on 2 The The Urdu Urdu Acce Accent nt Mark Markss (nukte) Lesson 3 Joining Urdu Letters EnglishĮnglish ih>dI ih>dI sa) English j ih> ih>dI ja)Įnglish ih> dI j) English Hindi ]) SANSKRIT HINDI RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TORONTO Those who do not know Hindi can learn Hind& too! Through English / Hindi with my novel scientific way
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